What is the impact of standard tempering on the properties of H13 material?
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The overall characteristics of H13 material are greatly enhanced by standard tempering, which effectively releases residual stress, ensures uniform microstructure and stable service performance, and stabilizes the material's hardness at 48–52 HRC and toughness at 15–20 J/cm².
1. Beneficial Effect on Key Performance
steady between 48 and 52 HRC.
In order to prevent unduly high or low hardness, two tempering cycles guaranty enough martensite tempering, resulting in distributed carbide precipitation.
raised to 15–20 J/cm².
The microstructure changes into uniform tempered martensite as residual stress is fully discharged, providing the best possible impact resistance.
The matrix is supported and the wear rate is slowed by the uniform distribution of fine, scattered carbides.
More than 30% longer
Consistent expansion during heat cycling is ensured by high microstructure homogeneity, which delays the emergence of cracks (thermal cracks).
2. Microstructure and Structure Optimization
Eliminating Residual Stress: In order to minimize service-related cracking, internal stress can develop up to 800 MPa after quenching but is decreased to <=100 MPa with appropriate tempering;
Preventing Secondary Cracking: By preventing the introduction of additional stress, proper cooling (air cooling) lowers the chance of microcrack start.
Metallographic Verification: A 400× microscope observation reveals a clean microstructure, no network carbides, and no grain boundary oxidation.
3. Importance in Guaranteeing Quality and Production
High Batch Consistency: total batch standard deviation <=0.8 HRC, individual part hardness variation <=2 HRC;
Robust Traceability: Complies with CQI-9 standard requirements when combined with furnace temperature curve recording and test data preservation;
Low Rework Rate: Standardized processes result in a rework rate of less than 2%, which drastically lowers production costs.
"Precise temperature control, accurate number of tests, and data archiving" are safety standards that guaranty the procedure is repeatable and under control.
